Additional Information
In the United States, there has been growing problems that has been arise from the past. One of them that I find the most important is racism and discrimination. The research question, which would be the prompt of my essay, is “How has the legacy and impact of not only today’s racial tensions, but also the past affect the people in the United States? Did any of these situations and circumstances, such as riots or a form of protest, change the racial views of the American people for the better or for the worse?” The United States had a history of racism and discrimination towards many minority groups. There has been many instances where the minority groups stand up for themselves and fight for their civil rights. Their actions has influenced and changed the view of many Americans. However, based on their actions, it is unclear for some people whether the minorities had made a huge impact to today’s society based from their protests and actions from the past. In this annotated bibliography, I have annotated and evaluate the five sources in order to see if these sources would be used in my research assignments. The content of the five sources are mostly consist of riots, boycotts, legislations, and other forms of protest that minority groups or supporters of them have done to bring change and create a large impact to make the United States an integrated society.
History.com Staff. “Riots erupts in Los Angeles”. History. A+E Networks, 2010. Web.
March 18, 2016.
In the article, it mainly explained the cause, the effects, and the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles Riot. On March 3, 1991, suspected DUI driver, Rodney King, led the Los Angeles police department in a pursuit. When the chase ended, Rodney King remained resistant to the police officers’ commands. As a result, the four white police officers beat the unarmed felon, while other officers, who were at the scene, did not bother to stop the beating. The news media manages to recover some footage that showed Rodney King’s beating. People began to see how white police officers abused their power and use it against minorities. There was concerns about police brutality towards minority groups and racial tensions drastically increased. The footage outrage some minority groups and demanded the four police officers who were involved with the beating to be trialed. The court acquitted the four white police officers from any wrongdoings during the Rodney King’s beating, and that caused the 1992 Los Angeles Riot. Local police were unable to control and contain the riot; therefore, the governor of California called in the California National Guard and executed martial law. In time, the California National Guard and local law enforcement manage to end the riot, but it came at a terrible cost. There were 55 people killed, thousands injured, and over 1 billion dollars in damage. The four police officers were retrial and two were convicted for violating the Rodney King’s rights, while the other two police officers were acquitted.
This article was extremely informative and pertains to my research topic. Although the riot may seem to be aimed towards police brutality, it is also aimed at the treatment of minority groups while being under the custody or care of police officers. The articles explains how the legacy of the LA riots still exist within today’s standards. Minority groups still think that white police officer would use excessive or deadly force based on the stereotypes of the suspect’s racial profile. Based on the 1992 LA Riot article, it is shown that the law enforcement’s treatment towards minority groups are extremely discriminative.
Liebelson, Diana and Sam Stein. “Donald Trump Encourages Violence At His Rallies.
His Fans are Listening.”. The Huffington Post, March 10, 2016. Web. March 18,
2016.
In in the article about “Donald Trump Encourages Violence At His Rallies. His Fans are Listening.”, news reporters have reported that the supporters of Donald Trump discriminate and fight against reporters, protesters, and minority groups. Yasmeen Alamiri, a foreign reporter, was called a terrorist by some of Donald Trump’s supporters. In addition, Alamiri mentions that Trump’s supporters were inspired and encouraged by Donald Trump himself to use vulgar words and violence towards people who opposes the frontrunner Republican candidate. During Trump’s rallies, it is not a surprise for his supporters to throw out racial slurs and be violent towards any opposition. Many of the protesters are consist of minority groups who wants to end Trump’s presidential campaign because Donald Trump is targeting them by generalizing an entire race based on stereotypes. Also, the article mentions that not only the supporters of Donald Trump are discriminating and fighting against protesters and minority groups, but also his staff and security as well. Secret Service agents and security use unnecessary force against protesters and minorities who oppose the prejudice views of Donald Trump.
This article is perfect as one of my sources for my research assignment. The article not only reveals how there is still racism and discrimination today, but also reveals the views and approaches of how each and every single American who takes a stance for or against Donald Trump’s prejudice views against minority groups. I know for a fact that Donald Trump is specifically targeting Hispanics and Muslims in order to increase his polls for the Republican nomination. However based on what he said about those two minority groups, what Trump doesn’t realize or what he ignores is that there has been a significant increase in racial tension in the past few months. As a result, many Americans are divided based on what he imposed, which certainly fits to my topic about today’s racism and its effects.
History.com Staff. “Integration of Central High School”. History. A+E Networks, 2010.
Web. March 18, 2016.
In 1954, during the Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. For civil rights activists, it was considered a major victory and milestone to bring racial integration within the United States. However, despite the Supreme Court ruling in the civil rights activists’ favor, there a few states that refused to obey the Supreme Court’s ruling. In Little Rock, Arkansas, nine African Americans enrolled into an all-white Little Rock Central High School. The locals refused to allow integrations of races into Little Rock and the governor of Arkansas tested the might of the federal government by deploying the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine African Americans from entering the high school. President Eisenhower decided to put the Arkansas National Guard from state control to federal control, and deploy the 101st Airborne Division to escort the nine African American students to the high school. As the years passed, the nine eventually graduated and to today’s standards, Little Rock Central High School has all kinds of races attending its classes and facilities.
This article represents one of my evidence to support my stance for my research question. Back in the 1950s, there has been many events that has occurred between African Americans and White Americans. Although the federal government tried to pursue racial equality and preserve racial integrity, some state governments refused to laws regarding racial equality and decided to challenge the federal government. In addition, some white Americans, mostly southerners, view African Americans as an inferior race and instinctually discriminate against them. The article shows how most Americans felt towards minority races back during the civil rights movement, and can be easily be compared and contrast to how Americans treat and view minority groups in today’s standards.
History.com Staff. “Civil Rights Act”. History. A+E Networks, 2010. Web. March 18,
2016.
Although the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment were passed following the civil war, most states refused to abide by them and continue to heavily discriminate against minority groups because most white Americans believe that the minority groups have to know their place. It wasn’t until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that changed the stance of how the United States viewed minority groups for good. The ideas of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was first devised by President John F. Kennedy; however, he was assassinated before he was able to present it to the Senate. Therefore, President Lyndon B. Johnson took over Kennedy’s position, finished drafting the bill, and present it to the Senate. At first, southern Democrats and other senators staged a filibuster in order to delay the passing of the bill; however, the Senate managed to pass the bill with the approval of two-thirds of the Senate. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination and segregation based on sex, race, and religion in public areas. The passing of the act became a major victor for the civil rights movement because it will eventually bring upon the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and many other civil rights acts as well.
The article clearly states the evidence and support that I would be using in my research assignment. Events in the past, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, is a great example of how Americans view minority groups today. The article can be easily related to my essay by showing what great change in terms of racial views that the people of the United States had underwent since the 1960s. Not to mention, the article provides information stating that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the most important civil rights legislation that shapes how Americans treat minorities. The legacy of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 encourages law makers and the senate to pass other legislations regarding to civil rights, which shapes the United States today.
History.com Staff. “Cesar Chavez”. History. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. March 19, 2016.
The article mainly talks about Cesar Chavez’s early life as a migrant farm worker and what inspired him to become a union leader in the agricultural civil rights movement, fighting for farmers’ rights. As a child, Cesar Chavez has seen the true colors of being a migrant farmworker. There has been many instances where he saw corrupted employers who exploit minority farmworkers, harsh living/working conditions, and racism. He vowed to take a stance against the exploitation of farmworkers. In 1965, Chavez and his organization, Farm Workers Association joined the strike regarding the grape industry. During this time, Chavez and his organization promoted themselves and it became nationally known. Chavez’s techniques brought the attention to consumers that they not only support farm workers’ rights, but also boycott the grapes. As a result, many of the grape companies agreed to sign contracts that recognized the United Farm Workers Association, which means that they are obliged to give rights and benefits to the farm workers. However, they are more growing problems and tensions in the other areas of the agricultural industry. Cesar Chavez knew that the only way to achieve equality for all farm workers is to support the Agricultural Labor Relation Act. The Agricultural Labor Relation Act is a legislation that prohibits farm workers exploitation. Over the years, Cesar Chavez continued to fight for farmworkers rights in terms of better working conditions and wages. His accomplishment has helped many farmworkers in the United States especially in Arizona, Texas, and California.
I think this article is somewhat useful as it pertains to my topic of how past civil rights issues in terms of racism and discrimination has contributed to today’s standards. What I like most about the article is that it pertains to my topic by showing the motives behind farmworker employers and labor contractors is the belief of how farmworkers should be treated and paid based on their race. However, what I do not like about the article is that it does not provide the specific in terms of how the badly minority farmers were discriminated against by labor contractors and employers. Overall, I’ll give the article a 6 out of 10 because it does relate to my topic and research questions, but it lacks the specifics in order to elaborate more onto the subject.
History.com Staff. “Riots erupts in Los Angeles”. History. A+E Networks, 2010. Web.
March 18, 2016.
In the article, it mainly explained the cause, the effects, and the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles Riot. On March 3, 1991, suspected DUI driver, Rodney King, led the Los Angeles police department in a pursuit. When the chase ended, Rodney King remained resistant to the police officers’ commands. As a result, the four white police officers beat the unarmed felon, while other officers, who were at the scene, did not bother to stop the beating. The news media manages to recover some footage that showed Rodney King’s beating. People began to see how white police officers abused their power and use it against minorities. There was concerns about police brutality towards minority groups and racial tensions drastically increased. The footage outrage some minority groups and demanded the four police officers who were involved with the beating to be trialed. The court acquitted the four white police officers from any wrongdoings during the Rodney King’s beating, and that caused the 1992 Los Angeles Riot. Local police were unable to control and contain the riot; therefore, the governor of California called in the California National Guard and executed martial law. In time, the California National Guard and local law enforcement manage to end the riot, but it came at a terrible cost. There were 55 people killed, thousands injured, and over 1 billion dollars in damage. The four police officers were retrial and two were convicted for violating the Rodney King’s rights, while the other two police officers were acquitted.
This article was extremely informative and pertains to my research topic. Although the riot may seem to be aimed towards police brutality, it is also aimed at the treatment of minority groups while being under the custody or care of police officers. The articles explains how the legacy of the LA riots still exist within today’s standards. Minority groups still think that white police officer would use excessive or deadly force based on the stereotypes of the suspect’s racial profile. Based on the 1992 LA Riot article, it is shown that the law enforcement’s treatment towards minority groups are extremely discriminative.
Liebelson, Diana and Sam Stein. “Donald Trump Encourages Violence At His Rallies.
His Fans are Listening.”. The Huffington Post, March 10, 2016. Web. March 18,
2016.
In in the article about “Donald Trump Encourages Violence At His Rallies. His Fans are Listening.”, news reporters have reported that the supporters of Donald Trump discriminate and fight against reporters, protesters, and minority groups. Yasmeen Alamiri, a foreign reporter, was called a terrorist by some of Donald Trump’s supporters. In addition, Alamiri mentions that Trump’s supporters were inspired and encouraged by Donald Trump himself to use vulgar words and violence towards people who opposes the frontrunner Republican candidate. During Trump’s rallies, it is not a surprise for his supporters to throw out racial slurs and be violent towards any opposition. Many of the protesters are consist of minority groups who wants to end Trump’s presidential campaign because Donald Trump is targeting them by generalizing an entire race based on stereotypes. Also, the article mentions that not only the supporters of Donald Trump are discriminating and fighting against protesters and minority groups, but also his staff and security as well. Secret Service agents and security use unnecessary force against protesters and minorities who oppose the prejudice views of Donald Trump.
This article is perfect as one of my sources for my research assignment. The article not only reveals how there is still racism and discrimination today, but also reveals the views and approaches of how each and every single American who takes a stance for or against Donald Trump’s prejudice views against minority groups. I know for a fact that Donald Trump is specifically targeting Hispanics and Muslims in order to increase his polls for the Republican nomination. However based on what he said about those two minority groups, what Trump doesn’t realize or what he ignores is that there has been a significant increase in racial tension in the past few months. As a result, many Americans are divided based on what he imposed, which certainly fits to my topic about today’s racism and its effects.
History.com Staff. “Integration of Central High School”. History. A+E Networks, 2010.
Web. March 18, 2016.
In 1954, during the Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. For civil rights activists, it was considered a major victory and milestone to bring racial integration within the United States. However, despite the Supreme Court ruling in the civil rights activists’ favor, there a few states that refused to obey the Supreme Court’s ruling. In Little Rock, Arkansas, nine African Americans enrolled into an all-white Little Rock Central High School. The locals refused to allow integrations of races into Little Rock and the governor of Arkansas tested the might of the federal government by deploying the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine African Americans from entering the high school. President Eisenhower decided to put the Arkansas National Guard from state control to federal control, and deploy the 101st Airborne Division to escort the nine African American students to the high school. As the years passed, the nine eventually graduated and to today’s standards, Little Rock Central High School has all kinds of races attending its classes and facilities.
This article represents one of my evidence to support my stance for my research question. Back in the 1950s, there has been many events that has occurred between African Americans and White Americans. Although the federal government tried to pursue racial equality and preserve racial integrity, some state governments refused to laws regarding racial equality and decided to challenge the federal government. In addition, some white Americans, mostly southerners, view African Americans as an inferior race and instinctually discriminate against them. The article shows how most Americans felt towards minority races back during the civil rights movement, and can be easily be compared and contrast to how Americans treat and view minority groups in today’s standards.
History.com Staff. “Civil Rights Act”. History. A+E Networks, 2010. Web. March 18,
2016.
Although the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment were passed following the civil war, most states refused to abide by them and continue to heavily discriminate against minority groups because most white Americans believe that the minority groups have to know their place. It wasn’t until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that changed the stance of how the United States viewed minority groups for good. The ideas of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was first devised by President John F. Kennedy; however, he was assassinated before he was able to present it to the Senate. Therefore, President Lyndon B. Johnson took over Kennedy’s position, finished drafting the bill, and present it to the Senate. At first, southern Democrats and other senators staged a filibuster in order to delay the passing of the bill; however, the Senate managed to pass the bill with the approval of two-thirds of the Senate. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination and segregation based on sex, race, and religion in public areas. The passing of the act became a major victor for the civil rights movement because it will eventually bring upon the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and many other civil rights acts as well.
The article clearly states the evidence and support that I would be using in my research assignment. Events in the past, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, is a great example of how Americans view minority groups today. The article can be easily related to my essay by showing what great change in terms of racial views that the people of the United States had underwent since the 1960s. Not to mention, the article provides information stating that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the most important civil rights legislation that shapes how Americans treat minorities. The legacy of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 encourages law makers and the senate to pass other legislations regarding to civil rights, which shapes the United States today.
History.com Staff. “Cesar Chavez”. History. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. March 19, 2016.
The article mainly talks about Cesar Chavez’s early life as a migrant farm worker and what inspired him to become a union leader in the agricultural civil rights movement, fighting for farmers’ rights. As a child, Cesar Chavez has seen the true colors of being a migrant farmworker. There has been many instances where he saw corrupted employers who exploit minority farmworkers, harsh living/working conditions, and racism. He vowed to take a stance against the exploitation of farmworkers. In 1965, Chavez and his organization, Farm Workers Association joined the strike regarding the grape industry. During this time, Chavez and his organization promoted themselves and it became nationally known. Chavez’s techniques brought the attention to consumers that they not only support farm workers’ rights, but also boycott the grapes. As a result, many of the grape companies agreed to sign contracts that recognized the United Farm Workers Association, which means that they are obliged to give rights and benefits to the farm workers. However, they are more growing problems and tensions in the other areas of the agricultural industry. Cesar Chavez knew that the only way to achieve equality for all farm workers is to support the Agricultural Labor Relation Act. The Agricultural Labor Relation Act is a legislation that prohibits farm workers exploitation. Over the years, Cesar Chavez continued to fight for farmworkers rights in terms of better working conditions and wages. His accomplishment has helped many farmworkers in the United States especially in Arizona, Texas, and California.
I think this article is somewhat useful as it pertains to my topic of how past civil rights issues in terms of racism and discrimination has contributed to today’s standards. What I like most about the article is that it pertains to my topic by showing the motives behind farmworker employers and labor contractors is the belief of how farmworkers should be treated and paid based on their race. However, what I do not like about the article is that it does not provide the specific in terms of how the badly minority farmers were discriminated against by labor contractors and employers. Overall, I’ll give the article a 6 out of 10 because it does relate to my topic and research questions, but it lacks the specifics in order to elaborate more onto the subject.